Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies
In modern agriculture today, the cultivation of agricultural products cannot be imagined without greenhouses. This paper presents an energy optimization of a solar greenhouse with a photovoltaic system (PV) and a ground-source heat pump (GSHP). The PV system generates electricity, while the GSHP is...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/416 |
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| author | Danijela Nikolić Saša Jovanović Nebojša Jurišević Novak Nikolić Jasna Radulović Minja Velemir Radović Isidora Grujić |
| author_facet | Danijela Nikolić Saša Jovanović Nebojša Jurišević Novak Nikolić Jasna Radulović Minja Velemir Radović Isidora Grujić |
| author_sort | Danijela Nikolić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In modern agriculture today, the cultivation of agricultural products cannot be imagined without greenhouses. This paper presents an energy optimization of a solar greenhouse with a photovoltaic system (PV) and a ground-source heat pump (GSHP). The PV system generates electricity, while the GSHP is used for heating and cooling. A greenhouse is designed with an Open Studio plug-in in the Google SketchUp environment, the EnergyPlus software (8.7.1 version) was used for energy simulation, and the GenOpt software (2.0.0 version) was used for optimization of the azimuth angle and PV cell efficiency. Results for different solar greenhouse orientations and different photovoltaic module efficiency are presented in the paper. The obtained optimal azimuth angle of the solar greenhouse was −8°. With the installation of a PV array with higher module efficiency (20–24%), it is possible to achieve annual energy savings of 6.87–101.77%. Also, with the PV module efficiency of 23.94%, a concept of zero-net-energy solar greenhouses (ZNEG) is achieved at optimal azimuth and slope angle. Through the environmental analysis of different greenhouses, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of PV and GSHP are calculated and compared with electricity usage. Saved CO<sub>2</sub> emission for a zero-net-energy greenhouse is 6626 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/year. An economic analysis of installed renewable energy systems was carried out: with the total investment of 19,326 € for ZNEG, the payback period is 8.63 years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-007496783510428fb996f86457805975 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-007496783510428fb996f864578059752025-01-24T13:31:25ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118241610.3390/en18020416Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy TechnologiesDanijela Nikolić0Saša Jovanović1Nebojša Jurišević2Novak Nikolić3Jasna Radulović4Minja Velemir Radović5Isidora Grujić6Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaIn modern agriculture today, the cultivation of agricultural products cannot be imagined without greenhouses. This paper presents an energy optimization of a solar greenhouse with a photovoltaic system (PV) and a ground-source heat pump (GSHP). The PV system generates electricity, while the GSHP is used for heating and cooling. A greenhouse is designed with an Open Studio plug-in in the Google SketchUp environment, the EnergyPlus software (8.7.1 version) was used for energy simulation, and the GenOpt software (2.0.0 version) was used for optimization of the azimuth angle and PV cell efficiency. Results for different solar greenhouse orientations and different photovoltaic module efficiency are presented in the paper. The obtained optimal azimuth angle of the solar greenhouse was −8°. With the installation of a PV array with higher module efficiency (20–24%), it is possible to achieve annual energy savings of 6.87–101.77%. Also, with the PV module efficiency of 23.94%, a concept of zero-net-energy solar greenhouses (ZNEG) is achieved at optimal azimuth and slope angle. Through the environmental analysis of different greenhouses, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of PV and GSHP are calculated and compared with electricity usage. Saved CO<sub>2</sub> emission for a zero-net-energy greenhouse is 6626 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/year. An economic analysis of installed renewable energy systems was carried out: with the total investment of 19,326 € for ZNEG, the payback period is 8.63 years.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/416solar greenhousePVGSHPenergy optimizationenvironmental analysiseconomic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Danijela Nikolić Saša Jovanović Nebojša Jurišević Novak Nikolić Jasna Radulović Minja Velemir Radović Isidora Grujić Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies Energies solar greenhouse PV GSHP energy optimization environmental analysis economic analysis |
| title | Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies |
| title_full | Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies |
| title_short | Sustainable Design in Agriculture—Energy Optimization of Solar Greenhouses with Renewable Energy Technologies |
| title_sort | sustainable design in agriculture energy optimization of solar greenhouses with renewable energy technologies |
| topic | solar greenhouse PV GSHP energy optimization environmental analysis economic analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/416 |
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