Canadian Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance: Overview of Current Trends Related to Hospital Pathogens
Selection of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy is dependent on many factors, not the least of which is an understanding of antimicrobial resistance rates in the patient population that is undergoing treatment. Resistance rates may vary by geographical location, institution, hospital ward or u...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2006-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/505937 |
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| Summary: | Selection of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy is dependent on
many factors, not the least of which is an understanding of antimicrobial
resistance rates in the patient population that is undergoing treatment.
Resistance rates may vary by geographical location, institution,
hospital ward or unit, and even body site of infection. The present
paper reviews the currently available Canadian data regarding resistance
rates for some of the most common hospital-acquired pathogens,
including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Enterobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species.
Current data suggest that the rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
among E coli and Klebsiella species remain relatively low across
Canada. There are very little data on the epidemiology of ampC
cephalosporinases among Gram-negative organisms, although combined
American and Canadian data suggest that ceftazidime resistance
rates for Enterobacter species range from 17.1% to 24.8%. The
increased use of fluoroquinolones has led to an increase in resistance
rates among most Gram-negative organisms. In the late 1990s,
ciprofloxacin resistance rates for P aeruginosa were reported to be
approximately 20%. For the Gram-positive organisms, methicillin
resistance rates for S aureus have been reported to be as high as 10%
and vancomycin resistance rates for Enterococcus species have been
reported to be less than 1%. Additional data that are representative of
all regions of Canada are needed. Continued surveillance, antibiotic
stewardship, and adherence to good infection prevention and control
measures will lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology of
antimicrobial resistance in Canadian hospitals, as well as help to control
its spread. |
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| ISSN: | 1712-9532 |