Ningxia

| w = | bpmf = | myr = Níngsyà | j = Ning4haa6 | ci = | y = Nìhnghah | suz = Nyín-ghô | poj = Lêng-hā | buc = Nìng-hâ | teo = Lêng-hiā | h = Nèn-ha | xej = نِئٍ‌ثِيَا | zh-dungan = Нинщя | altname = Official name | psp2 = Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region | s2 = 宁夏回族自治区 | t2 = 寧夏回族自治區 | p2 = Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū | bpmf2 = | w2 = | gr2 = Ningshiah Hweitzwu Tzyhjyhchiu | myr2 = Níngsyà Hwéidzú Dz̀jr̀chyū | mi2 = | buc2 = Nìng-hâ Huòi-cŭk Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆ | teo2 = Lêng-hiā Huê-tsôk Tsĕu-tī-khu | j2 = Ning4haa6 Wui4zuk6 Zi6zi6keoi1 | y2 = Nìhnghah Wùihjuhk Jihjihkēui | ci2 = | wuu2 = Nyin^平ya^去 we^平zoh^入 zy^去zy^去chiu^平 | poj2 = Lêng-hā Hôe-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu | h2 = Nèn-ha Fui-tshu̍k Tshṳ-tshṳ-khî | xej2 = نِئٍ‌ثِيَا خُوِزُو زِجِ‌ٿِيُوِ | zh-dungan2 = Нинщя Хуэйзў Зыҗычў | showflag = xejp | order = st }} Ningxia,,; , Mandarin: ; alternately romanized as Ninghsia}} officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in Northwestern China. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was later separated from Gansu in 1958 and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia.

Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi to the east, Gansu to the south and west and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north and has an area of around . This sparsely settled, mostly desert region lies partially on the Loess Plateau and in the vast plain of the Yellow River and features the Great Wall of China along its northeastern boundary. Over about 2000 years, an extensive system of canals (with a total length of approximately 1397 kilometers) has been built from Qin dynasty. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have made increased cultivation possible. The arid region of Xihaigu, which covers large parts of the province, suffers from severe water shortage, which the canals were intended to alleviate.

Ningxia was the core area of the Western Xia in the 11th–13th centuries, established by the Tangut people; its name, "Peaceful Xia", derived from the Mongol conquest of the state. The Tanguts made significant achievements in literature, art, music, and architecture, and in particular, invented Tangut script. Long one of the country's poorest areas, a small winemaking industry has become economically important since the 1980s. Before the arrival of viticulture, Ningxia's 6.8 million people, 36 per cent of whom are Muslims from the Hui ethnic group, relied largely on animal grazing, subsistence agriculture and the cultivation of wolfberries used in traditional Chinese medicine. Since then, winemaking has become the premier specialty of Ningxia, and the province devotes almost 40,000 hectares to vineyards and producing 120 million bottles of wine in 2017 – a quarter of the entire nation's production. Provided by Wikipedia